What complication should be assessed immediately after the insertion of a jugular catheter?

The correct answer is that a collapsed lung, or pneumothorax, should be assessed immediately after the insertion of a jugular catheter. This complication can occur if the catheter insertion inadvertently punctures the pleura, leading to air entering the pleural space. The risk of pneumothorax is particularly relevant in central venous catheter placements, as the jugular vein is located close to the thoracic cavity.

Signs and symptoms of a collapsed lung may include sudden chest pain, shortness of breath, and altered breath sounds upon auscultation. Immediate assessment is critical because pneumothorax can escalate to a life-threatening situation if not promptly identified and managed.

While slurred speech, changes in level of consciousness, and chest pain can also indicate serious conditions, they are not directly linked to the immediate risks associated with jugular catheter insertion. These symptoms might point to neurological issues, vascular complications, or other pathological states that may arise later, but the urgent assessment for a pneumothorax is paramount due to its potentially rapid onset and serious consequences.